This Annex to the Special Rapporteur’s 2023 report to the United Nations Human Rights Council highlights good practices in the recognition and implementation of women’s and girls’ human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment (R2HE). The examples presented in this Annex underscore that rights-based, gender-transformative environmental and climate action is possible and ongoing at all levels—even in difficult contexts—across both public and private sectors. Governments, businesses, civil society, women, girls and their allies are constantly employing new and innovative strategies to protect and ensure women’s and girls’ right to a healthy environment, and this report summarizes only a fraction of the good practices that exist.
The empowerment of women and girls concerns their gaining power and control over their own lives. It involves awareness-raising, building self-confidence, expansion of choices, increased access to and control over resources, and actions to transform the structures and institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination and inequality. This implies that to be empowered they must not only have equal capabilities (such as education and health) and equal access to resources and opportunities (such as land and employment), but they must also have the agency to use these rights, capabilities, resources, and opportunities to make strategic choices and decisions (such as is provided through leadership opportunities and participation in political institutions).
In addition, UNESCO explains, “No one can empower another: only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions including international cooperation agencies can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups”.
Inputs to promote the empowerment of women should facilitate women’s articulation of their needs and priorities and a more active role in promoting these interests and needs. Empowerment of women cannot be achieved in a vacuum; men must be brought along in the process of change. Empowerment should not be seen as a zero-sum game where gains for women automatically imply losses for men. In empowerment strategies, increasing women’s power does not refer to “power over” or controlling forms of power, but instead to alternative forms of power—“power to,” “power with,” and “power from within”—that emphasize the use of individual and collective strengths to achieve common goals without coercion or domination.
Source: UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP, UN Women (2016): Gender Equality, UN Coherence and You; Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (now part of UN Women) (2001): Important Concepts Underlying Gender Mainstreaming; UNESCO GENIA (2019): Toolkit for Promoting Gender Equality in Education.
Gender mainstreaming refers to “the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.”